Brief
History:
Ventura County
(/vɛnˈtʊərə/) is a county located in the
southern part of the U.S. state of
California. The largest city is Oxnard,
and the county seat is the city of
Ventura.
In October 1542, the expedition
led by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo anchored
in an inlet near Point Mugu; its members
were the
first Europeans to arrive in the
area that would become Ventura County.
Active occupation of California by
Spain began in 1769. Gaspar de Portolà
led a military expedition by land from
San Diego
to Monterey, passing through
Ventura County in August of that year. A
priest with the expedition, Father Juan
Crespí, kept a
journal of the trip and noted that
the area was ideal for a mission to be
established and it was a "good site to
which nothing is
lacking". Also on this expedition
was Father Junípero Serra, who later
founded a mission on this site.
On March 31, 1782, the Mission San
Buenaventura was founded by Father
Serra. It is named after Saint
Bonaventure, one of
the early intellectual founders of
the Franciscan order. The town that grew
up around the mission was originally
named San
Buenaventura (and retains the name
officially), it has been known as
Ventura since 1891.
In the 1790s, the Spanish Governor
of California began granting land
concessions to Spanish Californians who
were often
retiring soldiers. These
concessions were known as ranchos and
consisted of thousands of acres of land
that were used
primarily as ranch land for
livestock. In Ventura County, Rancho
Simi was granted in 1795 and Rancho El
Conejo in 1802.
Fernando Tico was granted Ojai and
part of Ventura by Gov. Alvarado.
The Mexican–American War began in
1846 but its effect was not felt in
Ventura County until 1847. In January of
that year,
Captain John C. Frémont led the
California Battalion into San
Buenaventura to find that the Europeans
had fled, leaving only
the Indians in the Mission.
Fremont and the Battalion continued
south to sign the Treaty of Cahuenga
with General Andrés
Pico. The Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo formally transferred California
to the United States in 1848.
By 1849, a constitution had been
adopted for the California territory.
The new Legislature met and divided the
pending state
into 27 counties. At the time, the
area that would become Ventura County
was the southern part of Santa Barbara
County.
The 1860s brought many changes to
the area. A drought caused many of the
ranchos to experience financial
difficulties and
most were divided, sub-divided and
sold. Large sections of land were bought
by eastern capitalists based on
favorable reports
of petroleum deposits. A United
States Post Office was opened at Mission
San Buenaventura in 1861. On April 1,
1866, the
town of San Buenaventura was
incorporated, becoming the first
officially recognized town in what would
become Ventura
County.
On January 1, 1873, Ventura County
was officially split from Santa Barbara
County, bringing a flurry of change.
That same
year, a courthouse and wharf were
built in San Buenaventura. A bank was
opened and the first public library was
created. The
school system grew, with the first
high school opening in 1890.
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